{{ชื่อ}} ประเภทบุคลิกภาพ MBTI

Theory of Basic Human Values

Schwartz's Theory of Basic Human Values, refined to 19 distinct values, posits that these universal goals (like Security, Universalism, Benevolence, Achievement) guide lives across cultures, organized in a circular continuum where adjacent values align and opposing ones conflict, differentiating into broader domains: Openness to Change (Self-Direction, Stimulation, Hedonism), Self-Enhancement (Power, Achievement), Conservation (Security, Conformity, Tradition), and Self-Transcendence (Universalism, Benevolence). This refined model provides more nuanced insight into motivations behind attitudes and behaviors than the original 10-value system.